The Young Bengal Movement ; History of India(part:1)

The Young Bengal Movement

 

Introduction:

The young Bengal movement is known as “New Bengal Movement” to some historians also, It began in the first half of 19^th century, the Hindu College was established in Kolkata in 1818-19 after establishing the Fort Willium College (1880-1802), one of the bright students of  that college was Henry Louis Vivian Derozio (1809-1831),After completing  his Degree Derizio was appointed as a teacher of that college. He was the founder of the ‘Young Bengal Movement’, that was a period when Renesans took Place in all over the Europe, Besides , the French Revolution and industrial revolution winded the Indian educated people, particularly the educated people of Kolkata vividly. But then the people of India were under the British Rule, so they were fumbling some way of people’s welfare and educational revolution, The people of Kolkata, who got education were fervently thinking about mass education, free thinking and freedom of India,

The student of Hindu College earned the modern and European education. They learned the thought and ideology of Jhon Stuart Mill, Herbert Spenser, Benthum, Francis Bacon, Gibbon and other eminent social scientists of the western world, so their thinking and idea was much progressive then the other people of Kolkata, As a result, they made a ‘Discussion Society’ and began a movement of ‘Free thinking and free Expression’ which was known as ‘The Young Bengal Movement’

 Derozio

Bengali Movement:

The common people , who were not ecquainted  with those ideologies, Indicated those young as arrogant, revolutionists of the customary thinking, belief,  and extremist, they declared one kind of war against the religion and prevalent customs,

Founder of the Young Bengal Movement:

Derozio was the founder of this movement, though other some teachers and students occasionally did this type of free discussion meeting earlier, his father was a Portuguese but mother was Bengali, who lived in Kolkata, he studied in Mr.Dramond’s school in Dharmatola, Kolkat, who was a free thinker and eminent educationist in that time,Derozio was inspired in free thinking by that Scotch  teacher Mr, Dramond, after successfully completing his education he joined as a teacher in ‘The Hindu college’ in 1826. He got only 5 years chance of teaching before death,

The Language Movement in 21, February, 1952, Recognized by UNESCO as World Wide Celebration (part:4)

 The mother tongue

The Language movement made a deep and far reaching impact on the cultural, economical, political life of Bengali people, we are discussing today the political impact,
 first part  Click hare
 2nd part  Click Here
3rd part  Click Hare

1952

Political impact: 

 1)   Unity forming among the different student association: the people of Bangladesh discovered their identity through the Language movement in 1952.to root out the student association of  “Nikhil Purbo Pakistan Muslim Chatra League”, ’Democratic United Front” wasformed by ‘Purbo Pakistan Muslim Chatra League’,Purbo Pakistan Chatra Federation’ and other minor student associations, Democratic United Front won in the election of  DUCSU in 1953, and in the conventional ceremony of  DUCSU Farida Barin Malik elected in the student election of DUCSU presented the song named “Amar sonar Bangla, Ami Tomay Valo Bhashi’ which is now national anthem of Bangladesh,

 2)    Opposed Political Unity & Winning General Election: Being inspired by the success of Democratic United Front ; the Awami Muslim League, Krishak-Sramik Party and Nezam-e-Islam formed the United Front, based on 21 points agenda the general election of 1954, the United Front won 215 cut of 237 Muslim seats in the election, the ruling Muslim League got only 9 seats, as a result the Muslim League had to think a new administrative approach about this region,

 3)  Create inspiration to play protesting role: 27 October,1958, Ayub Khan deposed Mirza in bloodless coup and attempted to create a hated, National League  a protest meeting was arranged by the effort of Muhammad Abdul High & Munir Chowdory, The teacher & student of Dhaka University were active in play Protesting role against the conspiracy & finally the conspiracy was failed to see the face of success,

In 1962, The Military government wanted to implement Hamoodur Rahman Commission Report,student made a strong demonstration against that report, the street f Dhaka was colored by the blood of Babul,  Mustafiz. & many others, finally the government failed to implement that report,

  4)  Various student Movements & Mass upheaval: During the Ayub government various student movement and mass upheaval were occurred, among them student mass movement of 1961, walkout from the convocation ceremony of Munyem Khan(contemporary government of east Pakistan) by the student of Dhaka University , movement in favour of historical Six-point Program of 1966, historical eleven-point Program of student society, creation pressure on the Ayub Khan government to withdraw the Agartala conspiracy case, by students & mass movement are especially mentionable,

5) Independence movement: In the election of December,7,1970,the Awami  League won 167 of the 169 seats allotted to East Pakistan, but the military rules of Pakistan refused to allow the Awami League to form a government, finally 25, March,1971, the Pakistan army attacked the East Pakistan, as a result the liberation war was started & an independent country was formed named “Bangladesh”

The Language Movement in 21, February, 1952, Recognized by UNESCO as World Wide Celebration (part:3)

The mother tongue

We are discussing about mother language, which is found in society and every country , where the Language carries on the culture of a country people, the culture and social aspect deeply related with mother tongue, to read first part Click Here  and to read second part Click Here

 Today we will try to discuss the next part of mother language movement.

Background of Mother Language Movement

1952 

Finally again "Dhaka University Rastrabhasa Sogngram Porishad" was formed with Abdul Matin as it's convaner, This committee arranged various little meetings and rallies  and thus contributed to to keep alive the Language movement, 

In 31,January,1952, an all party Central Language Action was formed with Kazi Golam Mahbub as it's convener ,at the attempts of this committee various meetings and rallies were occurred on 4th February,after the procession of the 11th February the action committee called for protest on 21,February,including strikes and rallies, as preparation for demonstrations were underway,

In 20,February the Government posed Section 144 in the city Dhaka for one month, a meeting of the Central Language Action Committee was held on 20, February,opinion was divided as to whether or not to abide by the section of 144 in Dhaka city bu the Government, most decision was taken to violate section 144, according to this decision some small group started the procession, Thus started the famous Procession "The Language Movement" but the police interferences soon turned the peaceful situation in reddish situation and they started to fire the group to make them divided,

without any provocation on the student's part started beaten charge police fired tear gas shells towards the group of student, the students then started throwing brickbats at the police, finally police fired gun and killed a number of students, including Abdus salam, Rafiq uddin Ahmed,Abul Barkat and Abdul Jabbar,

  At the legislative assembly building,the session was about to begin hearing the news of the shooting, some members of the assembly including Maulana Abdur Rashid Tarkabagish, Manoranjan Dhar, Shamsuddin Ahmed and Direndranath Datta went out and joined the student agitation,

the next day , 21. February was another day of public demonstration and police reprisals,Officers, clerks, different organization, Businessmen, Labour all boycott offices and join the procession,During the continued protests, police action led to the death of more people including that of a young man named Shafiur Rahman,

 

The Language Movement in 21, February, 1952, Recognized by UNESCO as World Wide Celebration (part:2)

The Mother tongue

we are discussing about mother tongue that the child tries to make hid/her mother understand what does he/she want to say easily, so the mother tongue is very important and preservation of this this tongue also highly expected. if you did not read the past part  Click Here to read we can hope every body love his/her  Language as a speaker, so that we use another Language as second Language, why is it?? it is the mater of our love and affection for our mother tongue,today we are mentioning the next part, hope you are all can know appropriately by this post,,,,,,,,,

Background of mother language movement

1952

In the end of December.1947, in order to turn the language issue into a systematic political movement the first "RastraBhasha Shangram Porishad" was formed with Proffesor Nurul huque Bhuiyan of Tamuddun Majlis as the convener, but thiscommittee wasfailled to make any desired movement, So, On 2nd March,1948, The student of dhaka University Later formed a new committtee "Shorbodolio Rastrabasha Shangram parishad" with Shamsul Huque Tamuddun Majlis as the convener, According to the decision of this committee ,11,March,1948,"Rastrabhasha Bangla" day and 14,March,1948, protest and hartal was observed in East Pakistan to establish Bengala as a state language of Pakista,On 21, March,1948, at a civic reception at Racecourse ground Mohammad ali Jinnah the first governor-Central of Pakistan declared that "Urdu and only Urdu will be the state language of Pakistan" Jinnah delivered same speech at Curzon Hall of the University of Dhaka on 24,March, At both meetings, Jinnah was interrupted by the student of Dhaka University,,,,,

 M. Ali Jinnah

 In whole1948, "Rastrabhasha Sangram Parishad" was failed to make any strong movement , In November,1948, The Prime Minister of Pakistan Liacuat Ali Khan arrrived in Dhaka,dhaka University Central Student Union(ducsu) presented  a Memorandum comprising the demand of Bangala language to him., But as a Prime minister he did not Play any movement to the Language Conflict,,,